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Climate Change is Already Impacting Vermonters’ Health—Here’s How

Apr 8, 2025 | Advocacy, Education, Mentorship

[This post was written by University of Vermont senior Yangdon Fenner as part of a National Public Health Week collaboration with VtPHA for her Public Health Sciences Capstone Project. Thank you, Yangdon!]

Climate change is no longer a distant issue; it’s already impacting the health of Vermonters. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and shifting disease patterns are creating new public health challenges, with vulnerable populations (such as low-income individuals and the elderly) facing the greatest risks.

Rising Temperatures & Health Risks

Vermont’s summers are getting hotter, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses. By 2100, Vermont’s temperatures are projected to rise by 5°F to 9°F, which leads to longer, hotter summers and more frequent heat waves (source). It’s important to remember that many Vermont homes were not built for extreme heat and lack air conditioning, making it harder for residents to stay cool during heat waves. This is particularly true for low-income residents who may not be able to afford AC, leaving them at an even higher risk for heat-related illnesses. Correctional facilities, where most lack AC, are especially vulnerable, with temperatures in some cells even reaching 90°F during summer months (source).

Extreme Weather & Mental Health

Vermont is experiencing more frequent flooding and severe storms, which damages infrastructure, disrupts essential services, and displaces families. By the middle of this century, the Northeast is projected to experience an increase in intense rainfall, with monthly precipitation rising by up to one inch between December and April (source). These extreme weather events contribute to property loss, water contamination, and displacement, but also impact mental health. The stress and anxiety caused by these disasters, along with the fear of future events, are causing an uptick in conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD, especially among those affected directly by the storms or flooding (source). The mental toll from these events is often overlooked but is crucial in assessing the overall health impact of climate change in Vermont.

Air Quality & Respiratory Health

Rising temperatures also contributes to poorer air quality, which can exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis. The warmer weather, combined with longer growing seasons, increases the presence of allergens like pollen, which worsens symptoms for people with allergies. Additionally, Vermont has started experiencing more days affected by wildfire smoke drifting from fires in Canada and the western U.S. (source). Wildfire smoke can lead to increased hospital visits for respiratory problems, as fine particulate matter becomes more concentrated in the air, posing serious health risks to vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing conditions. Researchers predict that by 2100, Vermont will experience an increase in extreme weather patterns, including more frequent and intense storms, which will worsen these air quality issues (source).

The Spread of Vector-Borne Diseases

With milder winters, tick populations in Vermont are thriving, leading to a rise in Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses. Warmer temperatures allow these vectors to expand their range, resulting in longer tick seasons. The number of Lyme disease cases in Vermont has been steadily rising as a result, and public health experts expect this trend to continue as the state’s climate warms (source). Additionally, the warmer weather creates favorable conditions for mosquito populations, which means diseases like West Nile virus may become more prevalent in Vermont. These shifts in disease patterns represent a significant public health challenge, as residents and healthcare systems adjust to the increased burden of vector-borne diseases in the state.

What Can Be Done and What Can You Do?

Investing in Resilient Infrastructure
Vermont’s housing and public buildings were not designed for extreme heat. State and local governments should invest in cooling centers and retrofitting older buildings to withstand rising temperatures. Expanding tree coverage in urban areas and creating more green spaces can also help reduce the heat island effect. Additionally, ensuring correctional facilities have adequate cooling systems is a critical public health measure.

How You Can Help:
– Support local initiatives that promote energy-efficient building upgrades.
– Plant trees in your neighborhood to increase green coverage.
– Advocate for government funding towards infrastructure resilience.
Supporting Vulnerable Populations
Lower-income Vermonters are disproportionately affected by climate change. Many cannot afford air conditioning, are more likely to live in flood-prone areas, and may not have the resources to recover from extreme weather events. Expanding energy assistance programs and providing subsidies for air conditioning units can help bridge this gap. Emergency preparedness programs should also focus on supporting elderly residents and those with chronic health conditions during heat waves and extreme weather.

How You Can Help:
– Donate to or volunteer with organizations providing relief to vulnerable populations.
– Check on elderly neighbors and those without access to cooling systems during heat waves.
– Support policies that fund energy assistance and emergency preparedness programs.
Protecting Vermont’s Outdoor Economy
Vermont’s outdoor recreation industry, including skiing, hiking, and lake tourism, is a major economic driver. Climate change threatens these industries, with warming winters shortening ski seasons and increased flooding disrupting trails and waterways. Supporting sustainable tourism practices and investing in climate-adaptive infrastructure can help preserve Vermont’s outdoor economy.

How You Can Help:
– Participate in sustainable outdoor activities.
– Support local businesses that prioritize eco-friendly tourism.
– Get involved in land conservation efforts through volunteering or donations.
Strengthening Public Health Initiatives
With the increase in vector-borne diseases like Lyme disease and West Nile virus, Vermont needs stronger public health responses. Expanding tick and mosquito monitoring programs, increasing public education about disease prevention, and ensuring healthcare providers are prepared to diagnose and treat these illnesses are key strategies. Additionally, addressing air quality concerns by reducing vehicle emissions and promoting clean energy alternatives will help mitigate respiratory health risks.

How You Can Help:
– Use insect repellent and check for ticks after spending time outdoors.
– Reduce your carbon footprint by using public transportation, biking, or driving an electric vehicle.
– Support clean energy initiatives and air quality improvement programs.
Encouraging Community Action and Climate Leadership
Local leaders play a crucial role in guiding Vermont through these challenges. Communities can push for stronger climate policies, advocate for clean energy investments, and support local sustainability efforts. Individual actions, such as reducing energy consumption, planting trees, and participating in climate advocacy, also contribute to a healthier future.

How You Can Help:
– Attend town hall meetings and advocate for climate-friendly policies.
– Participate in local climate action groups and community clean-ups.
– Educate others about the health impacts of climate change and encourage action.

Final Thoughts

Climate change is not just an environmental issue, it’s a growing health crisis. By acting now, Vermonters can work to protect their health, preserve their way of life, and create a more resilient future for generations to come. Whether through policy changes or individual actions, every effort counts in the fight against climate-related health risks.

References

American Public Health Association. (n.d.). Climate change, health, and equity: A guide for local health departments. https://www.apha.org/-/media/files/pdf/topics/climate/climate_health_equity.pdf 

Betts, A. K. (2017). Climate, energy and community: Vermont 2017. Retrieved from https://alanbetts.com/workspace/uploads/planet2017-5a43c39c1c4d4.pdf 

Dupigny-Giroux, L.-A., et al. (2018). Northeast. In D. R. Reidmiller, C. W. Avery, D. R. Easterling, K. E. Kunkel, K. L. M. Lewis, T. K. Maycock, & B. C. Stewart (Eds.), Fourth national climate assessment, volume II: Impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States (pp. 669–742). U.S. Global Change Research Program. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH18 

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